四川仁寿一中 王 霞 王永聪
短文改错考查的学生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。要做好这类题，扎实的基础知识和切实的解题技巧必不可少。一般说来，整个解题过程至少要注意三个步骤。
一、通读全文，掌握大意
做短文改错题切忌一看就改。因为一篇意思完整的短文，其错误不仅是词法、句法的错误，还有行文逻辑的错误，只有通读全文，掌握大意，形成整体印象后才能作出全面正确的判断，否则有些错误不仅很难发现，还可能越改越错。
二、逐行分析，整句理解，找出错误
了解全文大意后，就可以逐行逐句地行进分析，尤其对一句话分两行乃至三行的句子，要结合全文，把意思搞清楚，看每个词语在句中位置是否正确，即词形是否符合其位置的需要。
短文改错常见的错误有如下三种情况
（一）多词
多词错误可以从冠词、省略、从句等三方面考虑。
（1）Some people read the newspapers or watch TV while others have sports.
（2）Modern people know more about the health ， have better food ，and to live in cleaner surroundings.
（3）The box I bought it yesterday was made in Shanghai.
分析：
（1）中newspapers 前多一定冠词the。newspapers在此句中泛指而不是特指哪种报纸。
（2）中live前多一不定式符号，know， have和live 为三个并列谓语。
（3）中it不需要出现，bought的宾语为the box。
（二）缺词
1、句子结构是否残缺。eg：when he come here?（缺助动词did）
2、误把不及物动词当作及物动词。
eg：get the bus stop（应为get to the stop）。
3、某些固定搭配中是否漏写了冠词、介词或副词。
eg：as result of（应为as a／the result of）
4、是否缺少引导从句的引导词。
eg：I will tell him about it as soon he comes back.（应在as soon后加as）
5、形容词比较级、最高级或序数词前是否缺定冠词。eg：Jim is tallest of the five.（应在tallest前加the）
He is taller of the two.（应在taller前加the）
（三）错词
1、名词错误（主要指名词的单复数错误）
eg：There is some milks in the bottle.（milk为不可数名词，应该变milks为milk）。
2、动词错误
动词错误是短文改错考查之重点，一般可以从词形变化（第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去分词、过去式）、时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等方面分析。
eg：The parent don’t like the house.（don’t变成doesn’t，因为parent为单数）
I had knew him before he lived here.
（应改knew变过去分词known）
3、形容词、副词错误（主要指比较级和最高级错误）
eg：Kate is much younger in her class.（改much younger为the youngest）
4、句法错误：这种错误常表现在固定的句子结构、上下文相互照应、否定和疑问句式、反意问句的附加疑问部分等。
eg：It took me five minutes get home.（应在get前加to）
He doesn’t have few books.（few本身为否定之意，不与否定结构连用，应为He has few books.）
三、复读全文，检查校正
复读全文是最后一个也是至关重要的步骤，考生需要有行文逻辑和语篇综合能力，要检查上、下文是否一致，尤其是逻辑上是否一致，连词用得是否恰当。记住，错词的情况较多，少词或多词的情况也有，无错误的情况最少。尽量做到弥补疏漏，还要特别注意改错的符号是否正确。复读检查时，有进需要吹毛求疵的功夫，但确有把握的答案不要轻易改动，以免弄巧成拙。
A new Attempt on English teaching-listening， speaking， reading and writing as an organic whole
四川省仁寿一中 王霞 王永聪
Over one year’s attempt on English teaching， it shows that: “A teacher should design as many spots for communication as possible in class. A teacher should create natural and harmonious environment for communication in and thick conversation atmosphere； A teacher should get the whole class to take an active part in the communication activities with what they have learned ”. This is not only the basic ability as a responsible teacher should have but also a basic ruler to take the measure of an English class successful or not.
Take SB (II) A unit 4 as an example:
Step I: sensing by listening and watching. (That is ， introduction of background by TV、video、projection、photograph、tape. Here you’d better buy two film tickets).
A: leading into:
1) Ask the students the following questions.
What are these? (“These” stand for the tickets).
you like seeing films?
at’s on Xinghua Cinema tonight?
2) Make up a dialogue with the lead of the teacher –invite somebody to see the film together (scene: suppose you have two tickets for tonight film at 7:30-9:00 P.m. you are inviting your friend to go with you). Give the tickets to the best pairs as a prize.
3) Draw a conclusion from the dialogue just now the students made up When we make an appointment generally speaking at least we should make three points clearly.They’re when / where to meet and why do they make the appointment?
B) Listen to the tape and grasp the main idea:
1) Listen to the tape with books closed.
2) Answer the following questions:
What’s the main idea of the dialogue?
Step II: Listening and Reading.
A) Listening again and further reading comprehension.
1) Listen again also with books closed.
2) Answer the following questions.
When and where will they meet?
What are they going to do?
B) Reading the dialogue and thoroughly understanding.
1) Open books and read the dialogue in silence， checking the answers and try to find the ways to make an appointment.
2) Read after the tape and try again by yourselves.
3) Ask Ss to put forward their questions if possible and make some possible explanation such as:
in the students’ dining room ；
What’s on +place /time?
They’re said to be very good = It’s said that they are very good = People say they are very good.
Step III: practice speaking (practice as the sample， the practice without books to transfer the dialogue into daily English， skill to ability.)
A : Practice the dialogue.
1) Read the dialogue in character first then together.
2) Act out the dialogue in groups of four with books
closed.
B: imitate and practice:
Ask the Ss to make up a dialogue according to the situation and act it out.(situation :Two friends meet outside of the school gate . They are making an appointment for seeing the performance given by John Denver.)
Step IV: Consolidation and practice (further practice in speaking and writing according to the dialogue.)
1) Ask the Ss to rewrite the dialogue in third person.
2) Ask the Ss to retell the dialogue according to their writing..
In a word， the most important view of “Four-skill teaching as an organic whole ”is: A teacher should study on， be familiar with the teaching material， work hard to and create the following steps suitable for the knowledge standard of the students___ leading into. Listening and answering， imitating and practicing and transferring. Secondary model education should make full use of the scientific methods.
附：主要参考书目
1、李庭芗主编《英语教学法》高教出版社，1991年；
2、杨崇龙主编《现代教育理论》云南教育出版社，1998年；
3、席玉虎主编《英语周报》高中教师版，2000－2002年度版。